Increase Height Nasa

November 10, 2006 0 Comments

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A Subjective Insight Of The Future Automobile

A subjective insight of the future automobile by Jeff Darling

The long run car, lets say a 2025 model can be a terribly totally different machine to its gift day Grandfather. They can be packed with computers and safety devices making certain that not even a stunt driver will crash, and that they can run on carbon dioxide and emit strawberry scented oxygen. Well they might.

Predictions of future vehicles are usually wildly inaccurate, by now we have a tendency to ought to all have space programs to rival NASA primarily based out of our backyard. However some of the automobile connected cutting edge technology rising now could well make it into production models of the future. But how abundant of this technology will be needed or perhaps wanted? Car style of the present is already influenced by politicians, bureaucrats, health and safety regulations and emissions rules and also the stunning concept seen at the motorshow emerges into the globe as a 1.0 litre shopping cart, however at least its legal.

Personally I like the idea of fuel efficient hybrid cars, and fuel cell cars emitting nothing however water. However, like most enthusiasts I also like powerful loud convertibles with with the ability to snap a vertabrae at 10 paces. A smart combine therefore is needed and this can be the duty entrusted to automobile designers and engineers of the longer term, to create a politically correct automobile that's also desirable.

Another immenent problem facing designers of the long run is coming back up with styling ideas that are recent and new. Some of the a lot of recent ideas are definitely striking however not necessarily stunning within the classic sense of the word. However if there is one factor the car trade is sweet at that is innovation, and I for one am assured that radical and extreme ideas never before imagined will continue to look at motorshows around the world.

Laptop technology {has already} taken a firm hold of the automobile and the trendy driver is less and fewer responsible for the actions of their vehicle, soon crash victims can strive to sue the electronics firms for accidents they caused as a result of their laptop system didn't brake the car while they were fast asleep at the wheel on a three lane highway. Till you have got automation of every single vehicle on each single road computer driven cars are simply not possible, in my mind there are simply far too many on-the-road variables, with all the logic in the world you can not beat a brain. Currently pc assisted driving is already out there in certain Mercedes models which brake for you if your not trying where your going and your too shut to the automotive in front, but there is still a driver in control of the car, or is there. What if for some reason you wanted to get closer to the automobile in front, you needed to induce nearer to the automobile, if you did not get closer to the car one thing terrible would happen to civilization. Where do you draw the line with vehicle automation?

In advanced cities of the future CCTV will be so prevalent that visible crimes such as automotive theft are all however drained, but that also will not stop the determined thief. GPS (World Positioning System) units fitted as customary to any or all new vehicles will be able to track any vehicle at anytime anywhere, this technology is already common but a lot of widespread use is inevitable. In the UK the govt is already talking regarding fitting GPS to charge motorists relying on what road they travel on and at what times to chop spiraling congestion. This technology including an improved mobile and bluetooth network will be used to track and recover stolen vehicles. When the vehicle is found to be stolen a call can be made which shuts down the engine of the car. At the same time a decision is shipped out that alerts available nearby police, by using the GPS installed in each the stolen car and therefore the police car officers can track the car even if they can not see it. The police will conjointly have abundant additional insight into a vehicles record when out on patrol, using bluetooth technology a police automotive will tail a vehicle and receive info on the owner, this driver and their driving history, and even realize out recent top speed and acceleration figures.

In fact who wants that, you're thinking that you have just had a fun very little blast on your favorite bit of road you get pulled over five miles later and also the officer offers you a speeding ticket for something he did not see. But if this technology is necessary then what selection does one have.

Access to future automobiles could be very

different to the keys of these days, push button code entry and keycard systems where the key does not even leave you pocket, already available, will become common place. You hear the term keyless entry however it still uses an overseas control attached to a key which is then used to start the car. Biometrics that are accessible on some pc systems and use fingerprinting as a password may be an effective various to the key, you'll even program it for members of your family deciding between access only for the youngsters or access and drive functions for those with licenses. But I belive it can be some time before this is often the only means of auto entry or start up, what if you are lending your automotive to an acquaintance and you cannot be gift to allow begin up.

Multimedia systems can still develop in cars until the point where the "are we there

however" phrase develops into "will we tend to stay here". Makers are continuing to cram more and additional video screens into increasingly ingenious places providing a rolling cinematic Dolby 7.0 surround sound experience. DVDs are going to travel the manner of the VCR with exhausting disk recording of video being the dominant power a lot of as MP3s are killing off CDs. This MP4 technology will save area within the automotive and allow for far additional footage to be kept on board. Enhancements in wireless Internet connections might mean {that the} larger roads will support Web capable vehicles and constantly inform the driver with up to

date relevant road information. A screen in the dash will display live images to indicate traffic reports and additionally predict traffic jams by using the GPS systems in all vehicles to indicate areas where vehicles have been stopped or are congested, and then offer alternate routes. The sound systems of cars will additionally improve and become additional personalised for the varied passengers, with headphone sockets and multiple sound retailers, there would possibly be four different radio stations that may be played at once through the different jacks, and a variety of MP3s which will be played at once.

Passenger safety is already a priority for trendy day car manufacturers and this will solely increase in importance into the future. The widespread use of airbags can increase, the aspect impact protection airbags featured in some models have proved to be extraordinarily effective in saving lives, a lot of research and better positioning can continue to enhance their performance and reliability. Airbags at the moment will only be deployed once so in a very multiple collision crash their effectiveness is voided once the primary impact, future airbag systems but could take this into consideration and incorporate multiple single use airbags in one position or reusable airbags which will be inflated many times. Some makers use a dynamic headrest in some high-spec models, these move forward during a collision to stop the pinnacle snapping back quite therefore so much and reducing the prospect of spinal injury (whiplash.

It has been found {that a} vehicles bumper and frame height may be a terribly important issue when it involves safety throughout a collision, if a vehicle has bumper that is too high it can override the bumper of the other vehicle and plough directly into the passenger compartment putting the occupants at severe risk. Accidents like this usually occur when a average size automotive collides with a truck or SUV, this mismatch can be avoided by having adjustable ride heights on the larger vehicles, when they are on a swish road lowering the vehicle to a suitable height would scale back the dangers normally associated with these kinds of collision, as a by product this may additionally scale back the top significant nature of trucks and SUVs and rollover accidents could be avoided.

Sensors can be increasingly accountable for predicting and safeguarding against avoidable accidents. Sensors will monitor the road surface scanning for black ice and dangerous conditions, this info will then be flaunted to the driver and also the vehicle might take acceptable steps to boost traction thus reducing the chance of an accident. The data gathered might conjointly be relayed to a central road monitoring network that will inform different motorists of changing atmospheric condition, in effect every vehicle would become a roving weather station.

Sensors will also monitor the cars position moving around and if the vehicle is found to be straying from the road or traffic lane an alarm would sound this feature is already found on the Citroen C4 amongst others. Sensors could conjointly monitor the drivers well-being, imaging sensors would track eye movement and if the eyes shut for additional than a few seconds an alarm would sound to alert the driver. Audi uses sensors on its new A6 which monitor for wet conditions, if found the BOSCH brakes are applied intermittently to wipe off the water and ensure

sensible contact when they are needed, the pressure applied in this process is so slight the driver does not notice. Improved night vision and spatial awareness would help curtail on evening time crashes that account for half the road connected fatalities every year although solely a quarter of all driving occurs at night. Cadillac already includes infrared night vision as an option on some of its a lot of desirable models, infrared vision will not see light-weight it sees heat and the warmer an object is that the more it stand out on the screen. The screen is a heads up show projected onto the windscreen infront of the drivers line of sight allowing the motive force to see the real world and conjointly the digital projection. Honda incorporates a similar system with the added ability to spot objects and decide out pedestrians and digitally highlight those which are likely to step into the vehicles path and then emit an audible warning.

New materials are constantly brought into the automotive field, in 2005 Chrysler Daimler began using biological composite materials created from coconut, sisal, jute and different plants. This biological material is used mostly on the inside of the automobile and finds its manner into seat cushions, seat backs, underfloor body panels and interior door panels. One among the advantages of using these biological compounds is that they can be recycled and reused and therefore the manufacturing process concerned is much more environmentally friendly than that of typical artificial compounds. Ceramics initial utilized in braking by Porsche are changing into increasingly standard, though still very expensive limiting them to exclusive vehicles. The advantages of using ceramics is their high tolerance to intense heat making them appropriate for top performance vehicles, and where the serious use of the brakes is needed regularly. Their ability to perform

under these extremes help reduce the brake fade associated with exessive use and high temperatures. Materials initial like carbon fibre and carbon kevlar initial used on race cars and famed for their high strength and lightweight properties have currently filtered all the way down to the production automobile level, mainly in high-end vehicles however in due time these composites will begin to appear in the average automobile, cutting weight and increasing fuel economy whilst maintaining structural rigidity.

In the longer term car designers will need to explore new themes and find alternative influences for their designs. In a shot to catch peoples eye the designs will should be increasingly daring and brash often sacrificing the aesthetic balance of the planning in attempt to be completely different in an increasingly 'done before' market. This can be not to mention all styles are visiting be hideous, just some. Another influence to exterior design can be created by law as stricter pedestrian protection laws are enforced requiring the front ends of cars to be 'softer', this thinking {has already} been introduced on some models, overall though it is tough to project how this can ultimately have an effect on the face of car design. With the increased use of different fuel sources like the hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen combustion engine, vehicle bodies could begin reflect the green nature of their power. However I belive this to be a mistake. The Honda Insight Hybrid may have been additional of successful had it not been

completely repulsive, individuals were already cautious of its power supply and to then create them vomit in disgust at its styling is simply not intelligent. Why do all the eco-friendly cars appear as if a 60's psychedelic nightmare, why can't they merely look like a tight concept automotive with another engine. Things appear to be improving however and BMW's H2R is an undeniably beautiful vehicle if somewhat impractical. And hybrid technology is finding its means into mainstream prodution vehicles as an optional power source.

The interior of vehicles will additionally change, changing into additional user friendly and personalised. Ergonomically positioned controls and lumbar support seats with adjustable everything will return as standard to extend driver and passenger comfort and scale back chronic pain and discomfort. Customisable and personalised interior space can conjointly become desirable options on the future automobile. Just as you swap transportable covers an entire dash may be swapped to match your mood, if your a little bigger than average why not work an XXL seat in 2 easy steps, the probabilities will be endless so as to cater for an increasingly demanding consumer.

Different power sources for vehicles are turning into ever a lot of popular. Government incentives can eventually force all but the super wealthy into environmentally friendly cars, no downside, by then fuel cell cars can be just as fast as their fossil fuel counterparts however with none of the mess or stench. However it could take some convincing to induce a 'petrol head' to put down his piston and choose up a proton exchange membrane cathode, its just not the same is it. Eventually common conventional fuel cars can become classics and very sought after by collectors, however not for an extended long time.

Notice out additional concerning concept vehicles, styles, current vehicles, and strange vehicles at

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NASA height increasing phenomenon?

ok so i have seen on multiple websites "NASA discovers height increasing phenomenon" or "increase your height right now by doing this discovery by NASA"
what is it? whenever i look on the websites it doesnt have it?

It's a scam. Many scams claim to be invented by NASA or a top scientist. But they weren't.

SR-71 Blackbird

Hypersonic and Supersonic Aviation in 2057 (nasa Award Winning Article)

AEROAGE

En route on the mach 4.7 supersonic jet, I flipped open my iTV , which connected me to the most advanced space network, spacecast. The usual news was being broadcast; “NASCOM, the space people have started mining a new mineral on the moon which is almost identical to Uranium; the Americans have come out with yet another version of the unmanned X-67 which maneuvers itself at mach 25 (courtesy nuclear fusion engines!); the international space station at Mars has discovered a revolutionary microorganism that can be used to fight multiple cancer, a predominant disease on Earth”. Yes, this is the age I’m living in, and when I look back in time at the history of aviation, it leaves me flabbergasted. The history of AVIATION commenced in the 20th century, and a few lucky people who were witness to the first tentative flight of the Wright Brothers, managed to live through these 150 years (through medical advancement of course!) to witness the hypersonic X-67s as well. As Robert Wall once rightly said (towards the end of the 20th century), “So rapid has been the development of aeronautical science that no one can say with safety that an end has been reached or that there is any limit to the ability of man to develop flight at the same pace in the next century.”1

Today, in 2057, man has traveled a long way in the field of civil and space aviation. Advancements that were merely probable 5 decades ago are possible and practical today. All these developments are a consequence of decades of stupendous achievements in space exploration. Half a century ago, landing human astronauts on Mars was within the bounds of possibility. However, today, successful implementation of hypersonic space travel and use of geodesic domes have not only enabled man to experience the surface of Mars, but have also helped him estabilish cyborg colonies there. In addition to the Moon, even Mars is available now, for scientific exploration! The international space station on Mars, in addition to helping scientists in their research work, has facilitated in mitigating the power crisis, which at present is history! After the establishment of The International Lunar Base Station in 2037, man has passed several milestones in setting up a long term colony on the moon. Today, the hotels on the moon go full with increasing number of world, or rather space, citizens going on lunar holidays! A fleet of spaceships taking space tourists high above the atmosphere is now a routine affair. These spaceships are improved versions of Spaceshiptwo, which took Santosh George of India along with other space tourists to as high as 55000 feet, enabling them to experience the excitement of weightlessness and the thunderous deceleration of aerodynamic drag on reentry, in 20072. In addition, disputes between industries, over the acquisition of lunar land for mining have become fairly common.

At the start of the 21st century, the failure of NASA’s Mars lander caused despondency over the failure of its apparently reliable technology and put a question mark over other similar systems3. However, perennial human effort and incessant advancement in hypersonic space travel have led to the innovation of extraordinarily efficient probes which are now meeting the challenge of unearthing secrets about the solar system’s remotest planets. For example: a recent probe that has been sent to Pluto weighs only 570 pounds and stands almost 10 feet tall and 27 feet wide. It is composed of 19 solar panels, an extremely light nano-fission engine, and is controlled by an onboard computer. The probe functions by harnessing the light energy of the Sun. At present the fission engines are taking it close to the Sun. Once it is sufficiently close, the fission engines would shut down and light energy from the Sun would push the probe towards Pluto with a tremendous amount of force. The probe would then constantly accelerate and reach hypersonic speeds enabling scientists to have a glimpse of the details of Pluto within their lifetimes!

The innovation of the controlled nuclear fusion engine, after the ion and fission engines, in 2031, was by far the most significant advancement in space travel. It enabled spacecraft to reach astonishing speeds. Many decades ago, scientists deciphered that scarce and expensive raw materials exist in abundance on asteroids in our solar system. Today, aeronautical geeks have succeeded in designing manned aircraft, run by fusion engines that travel at supersonic speeds to these asteroids. They are slowed down, when close to the asteroid’s surface and then are made to land by making use of the asteroid’s relatively low gravity. During this rendezvous, with a suitable asteroid, the spacecraft uses abundant solar energy to extract and refine metals like gold and platinum and then the fusion engines power them back to Earth.4

In order to aid space travel and further exploit the hypersonic travel technology, a set of 5 astronomical telescopes, linked by laser, 100 times more powerful than the antiquated Hubble Space Telescope of the 20th century, was deployed in space in 20255 with the aid of space stations and hypersonic jets. Through these telescopes, we have been able to probe deeper into the universe and directly study details of planets in the Milky Way, without having to study the wobbling of stars.

This was just a glimpse of the hypersonic space travel in my age! Now, let’s delve into the advancement of supersonic and hypersonic travel in civil aviation. Civil aviation is governed by practicality and affordability. And when supersonic travel is looked at with these factors in mind, its picture seems somewhat blurred. Although, supersonic and hypersonic travel is easily available for civil aviation, its use is restricted only to the elite class. Four decades ago, hypersonic travel could take you anywhere on the planet in 4 hours6. Today, it can take you in just 2 hours! If the world population is transported from one corner of the globe to the other, then, oh my! The gas guzzling machines and sonic booms, created close to the earth’s surface, would simply attract the ire of environmentalists! Although this is the era of supersonic air travel, there also exists an alternative economic means of transport. No economy can ignore such basic realities. Even today we need economically viable means for mass transportation. So, where speed is not essential, the principles of freight transportation have been applied to mass travel. Non-inflammable gases are used to lift huge airships propelled by turbines7. This technology has made air travel extremely cheap, resulting in a five fold increase in air traffic compared to that of 2007. Although technology is reaching new heights every day, socialism continues to be a speed breaker!

In addition to supersonic and hypersonic aircraft being used in civil aviation, air taxis with tilt rotors have also come into daily use. Not needing a runway, these taxis can easily maneuver around the city. They help me land right in the center of a supermarket! In addition to the tilt rotors, which give them the vertical lift, they also make use of the ground effect that reduces the drag experienced by aircrafts8. This, thus, reduces the fuel consumption of the taxis. Bad news for environmentalists; they have one less topic to debate upon!

As far as the armed forces go, there is no stopping them! Billions were and are being spent to develop aircraft that are capable of traveling at such hypersonic speeds that they escape even the most efficient of all radars owned by their enemies. With the introduction of hypersonic travel, came the highly sensitive infrared radars that were capable of detecting the infrared radiation produced by the engines of these aircraft9.

Technology has constantly moved towards super automation. Way back in 2003, Arlen Rens’, a Lockheed Martin test pilot, describing automation in aviation, said humorously: “Airplanes are now built to carry a pilot and a dog in the cockpit. The pilot’s job is to feed the dog, and the dog’s job is to bite the pilot if he touches anything!”10

Now, the question arises; how did we reach this pinnacle? How did we overcome all the inevitable challenges?

The main challenges were:

a) Financial: the sums invested to develop this technology dwarfed those involved in making possible the Apollo missions to the Moon!

b) Biological: traversing long distances in space meant spending years in space in zero gravity conditions. The human body cannot adapt to stresses greater than 9g and react to situations as fast as machines. The human mind is incapable of making 1 million inferences per second unlike machines!

c) Technological: reaching high levels of automation required integrating man and machine, and the functioning of diverse systems in perfect synchronization over longer distances and timescales with a minimum of maintenance.11

d) Environmental and Ecological: sonic booms produced by supersonic and hypersonic aircrafts were a great threat to mankind, and wildlife12. Even if man could somehow artificially adapt his hearing sensibilities to sonic booms, he could possibly not dissuade animal activists from protesting against hypersonic travel. Apart from this, supersonic airlines of that age utilized gas guzzling engines, dependant upon dwindling petroleum supplies.

It has truly been a daunting task for man to find an answer to everything through technology. It is spellbinding to know how he prevented technology from reaching a standstill, without betting on speed at the cost of mankind.

It was observed rightly by Thomas Friedman, in 2006, that “the world is getting flat”. Outsourcing and around sourcing were the key to mutual cooperation, advancement, and ameliorating financial crises13 that would have otherwise brought about a pause in aviation technology. The cornerstones of cooperation, laid in the beginning of the 21st century, led to countries coming together to develop hypersonic and supersonic air travel. This has led us all to live in a more cooperative, rather than a competitive world. It was international cooperation that brought about the success of all the space projects since then and led to the establishment of international space stations.

The limiting reagent, in moving further down into space at hypersonic speeds, is the homo sapien! Although such speeds make one experience the tumbling alchemy of Earth and sky, the audacity, and miracle of flight, flying at stresses above 9g, in the Earth’s atmosphere, causes human blood to drain down from the brain, thus, extinguishing vision or even consciousness. In the old gravity suit, pilots would strain against their glottis. This would shut breathing. In the new suits, the pilots are able to flex their body muscles with less force, thus, reducing fatigue. This has been made possible by using “fluid muscles”, as they are called, which are independent of hoses and pressurized air on board, and reacts immediately to high g’s. Besides this, suits have designed in such a way, that pilots can communicate with each other even while traveling at such hypersonic speeds14.

As far as space travel is concerned, man’s shortcomings, both mental and physical, have been overcome by integrating him with machines. As Alwin Toffler predicted about 8 decades ago, the astronaut has become “an integral part of an ongoing micro-ecological process whirling through the vastnesses of space”15. What Theodore Gordon once said has come true. We have found that it would indeed be simpler “to provide life support in the form of machines that plug into the astronaut”. In accordance with his vision, an astronaut is “fed intravenously using a liquid food compactly stored in remote pressurized tank”. And “direct processing of body liquid wastes and conversion to water (is) accomplished by a new type of artificial kidney built in as part of the spaceship”16. Five decades ago, Professor Kevin Warwick, was able to connect his nervous system to his wife’s nervous system through a computer. Looking at that development, it is not hard to believe that today the human brain is directly connected to the computer, controlling his spacecraft. Thus, his mind is able to run as fast as a computer and in turn the computer gets a brain to think. Thus, what can be seen is that, the astronaut is no longer a separate entity monitoring the aircraft; he is in fact a part of the whole process.

If one divides human existence into three phases, then I would say that the first phase extends from the birth of humans till the year 1920. The second phase covers the time from 1921 to 2000 and we are at present in the third phase. This can be clearly explained by seeing the advancements that took place during these three phases. During the third phase mankind has moved so fast that from Earthlings we have started becoming Marslings! The technology that made all this probability a possibility would make a 20th century dweller dumbstruck! What humans did was that they teraformed Mars and tailored it to their requirements. The first thing that was required was to heat up the exceedingly cold atmosphere. The toxic pollution on Earth served as a medicine for Mars. Pollution creating machines were dropped on Mars whose work was to suck up a mixture of dust and atmosphere and process them into greenhouse chemicals. These chemicals trapped the heat radiated by the Sun and heated the surface and atmosphere of Mars. Once Mars was warm enough, plants and trees were grown in geodesic domes, which in turn increased the oxygen content of the atmosphere, making human existence possible17. This led to the establishment of an Earth colony on Mars which in turn gave birth to the Mars space station. The future now, is thus, to further the use of this technology and make the whole of Mars a human colony.

The technology developed for scramjets to attain hypersonic speeds, brought out a solution to the fossil fuel crises. Decades ago, rocket engines used hydrogen as well as liquid oxygen. The weight marred their performance and efficiency. A scramjet carries only hydrogen and uses oxygen from the atmosphere instead. Thus, it turns out to be lighter and more efficient18. Moreover, it also proves to be environment friendly. Mark Lewis of the University of Maryland had once said, “Flying an air-breathing rocket system above Mach5; that’s sort of the gleam in everyone’s eye”19. And yes, today we are all witness to the result of that vision. Scramjets have made hypersonic travel in the civil sector possible and to an extent, environment friendly as well. They fly at hypersonic speeds only high above the Earth and thus avoid the ill-effects of a sonic boom, protecting animals as well as mankind. In addition to the scramjets, the ion, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion engines are also an answer to the dwindling fossil fuel resources, since they efficiently use materials that are available in abundance on the Earth, Moon, and Mars. Besides this, scientists, with the aid of nanotechnology, are trying to devise methods to manipulate abundantly available elements at the atomic level and give them fossil fuel properties.

The problem of inventing a lightweight material that can endure the prolonged high temperatures of the flight engines, plus the heat of the air friction against the wings20, was taken care of by nanotechnology. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, scientists were able to develop in 2020 a nano-aerogel from carbon which has excellent thermal properties. This material is used to insulate hypersonic aircrafts, which in turn are made up of sheets of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres that are 60 times tougher than steel and much lighter than graphite.

For all the above advancements to take place a perennial desire to achieve something better was required. In the words of a Pelican program manager, Blaine Rawdon: “From our perspective, anything that’s already flying is history.”21

From the very beginning of space exploration, most people have always thought it to be an extravagant luxury, affordable only by the superpowers, and only justifiable by them at times when questions of global prestige, between the competing systems of capitalism and communalism, were involved22. However, it has been practically shown that on an average, every dollar spent on the space program and/or aviation industry, results in 7 dollars paid back to the economy23. A list of spin-offs from space technology can be as varied as it is long.

The most significant of all spin offs was the result of the need for smaller and more powerful computers, which provided an incentive for the development of microchips. Development of rescue blankets, CCD chip technology, virtual reality systems, advanced keyboards, etc. are all a consequence of space technology. If these things seem vague to some people, they would be astonished to know how space technology has extended its wings to everyday articles like wheelchairs, school buses, batteries, television screens, home security systems, medicines, etc24. Besides this, the modern designs of hypersonic aircraft are the result of research carried out for spacecraft designs over the years. Thus, in some way or the other, we all owe our modern comforts to space technology.

Our forefather’s of the 1960s knew that they were witnessing some of space exploration’s “game changing events”25! With our present and near future focussed on Mars, our children may experience the same extraordinary odysseys. Today, we are on Mars and the Moon; tomorrow we might be on one of Jupiter’s moons or even farther. The speed of sound has long been surpassed, and now man’s mission is to approach the speed of light! This may seem like an impossible dream but we must remember that powered flight were seemed impossible when the Wright Brothers set out with their bamboo and canvas contraption to the sand dunes of Kitty Hawk almost one and a half century ago!

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